151845116-Reciprocating-compressor.pdfVIP

Reciprocating UNIT 8 RECIPROCATNG COMPRESSORS Compressors Structure 8.1 Introduction Objectives 8.2 Reciprocating Compressors – Some Definitions 8.3 Compression Process 8.4 Work of Compression in Steady Flow 8.5 Efficiency of a Compressor 8.6 Work of Compression – Reciprocating Compressors 8.7 Volumetric Efficiency of Reciprocating Compressors 8.8 Volumetric Efficiency and Clearance 8.9 Volumetric Efficiency and Pressure Ratio – Multistage Compression 8.10 Intercooling 8.11 Minimum Work in Two Stage Compression with Intercooling 8.12 Summary 8.13 Key Words 8.14 Answers to SAQs 8.1 INTRODUCTION The function of a compressor is to take a definite quality of fluid usually gas, moist often air and deliver it at a required pressure . Compression of gases is an important process in many power plants, refrigeration plants and industrial plants. Industrial uses of gas compression occur in connection with pneumatic tools, air brakes for vehicles, servo-mechanisms, metallurgical and chemical processes, conveying of materials through ducts, production of bottled gases, and transportation of natural gas. The term gas compression applies only to processes involving appreciable change of gas density; this excludes ordinary ventilation and furnace draft processes. The machinery used in gas compression may be turbine type, such as centrifugal and axial flow machines; or positive displacement type, such as reciprocating machines, meshing rotor or gear machine and vane-sealed machines. In so far as it operates under steady flow conditions, any of these types of machine may have its energy analysis written in the form of the steady flow energy equation. In this unit, some general deductions will be made on this basis. A more detailed study will be made of the reciprocating compressor, but not of the other machines. Objectives After studying this unit, you should be able to ? Compare reversible adiabatic, reversible isothermal an