7 Non-Verbal_Communication.pptVIP

Unit 3 Non-Verbal Communication Nonverbal communication involves all those nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that are generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that have potential message value for the source or receiver. -Samovar, L. A. et al. 译文: 非语言交际包括一个交际环境中所有那些非语言刺激因素。这些刺激因素产生于说话人（源头）和他或她对周围环境的利用，同时这些刺激因素对于说话人或听话人（接收者）而言都具有潜在的信息价值. Passage 1 Body Language People in all cultures use nonverbal gestures to communicate. Some of these gestures are conscious; some are unconscious. What is acceptable in one culture may be completely unacceptable in another. While we expect language to be different, we are less likely to expect and recognize how the nonverbal symbols are different. Many nonverbal expressions vary from culture to culture. Two Perspectives on Nonverbal communication: Much nonverbal communication does have consensually recognized meanings and consistent usage within a culture and as such forms a vocabulary of nonverbal symbols. Some nonverbal communications, even in the same culture, are so ambiguous that their interpretation is mediated by context. Passage 2 The Message in Distance and Location The misunderstandings can develop because people from different cultures handle space in very different ways. The South American who moves in to what is to him a proper talking distance may be considered “pushy” by the North American; and the North American may seem standoffish to the South American when he backs off to create a gap of the size that seems right to him. Americans live in noncontact culture A product of Puritan heritage. They equate physical closeness with sex. When they see two people standing close together, they assume that they must be either courting or conspiring. When forced to stand very close to each other, they avert their eyes, turn away, tense the muscles on the contact side. The degree of closeness neatly expresses the nature of any encounter. Contact to eighteen inches apart is