Basic structure of computers-II.pdfVIP

SFTW230: Systems and Networks I Computer Organization Topics covered: Chapter 1. Basic Structure of Computers Dr. WU Wen FST, UM Outline The basic structure of computers Basic operational concepts and basic instruction execution Bus structures Performance Development of computer 1 1.3 Basic operational concepts Connection between the processor Memory Address Register: and the memory. Add LOCA, R0 Address of the memory location to be accessed Program Counter: Memory Memory Data Register: Address of the next Data to be written into or instruction to be fetched read out of the current and executed. addressed location MAR MDR Control PC R0 R1 General purpose IR registers Instruction Register: ALU R n-1 Instruction that is currently being executed Processor 2 Basic operational concepts - Typical Operation Steps Add LOCA, R0 1.The program is input and 1. stored into the memory. 4. a Read control signal is sent to the 2. Set the address of memory for reading the the first instruction of instruction; the program to the PC 5. 4. 3. The contents of the PC are transferred to the MAR; 3. 2. 5. The instruction is 6. read out of memory and loaded into the MDR; 6. The contents of the MDR are transferred to IR; The instruction is ready to be decoded and executed 3 Basic operational concepts - Typical Operation Steps If an operand in memory is required, it should be fetched in the same way as above in steps 3 -5 to read the data in MDR, then transferred to a register or directly to ALU for execution; Add LOCA, R0 4. a Read control 3. The contents of the 4. signal is sent to the PC are transferred to 5. memory for reading the the MAR; data; 3. 5. The instruction is read out of memory and loaded into the MDR; 4 Basic operational concepts - Typical Operation Steps If the result is to be stored in the memory, then the result is sent to MDR the address of the result to be stored is sent to the MAR a Write control signal is initialized for the storage; a