Cis-regulatory Changes at FLOWERING LOCUS T Mediate Natural Variation.pdfVIP

Copyright 2009 by the Genetics Society of America DOI: 10.1534/genetics.109.104984 Cis-regulatory Changes at FLOWERING LOCUS T Mediate Natural Variation in Flowering Responses of Arabidopsis thaliana Christopher Schwartz,*,†,1 Sureshkumar Balasubramanian,‡,§,1 Norman Warthmann,*,‡ , ‡,2 ‡,3 ‡ Todd P. Michael,* ** Janne Lempe, Sridevi Sureshkumar, Yasushi Kobayashi, Julin N. Maloof,* ,†† Justin O. Borevitz,* ,‡‡ Joanne Chory* ,§§ and Detlef Weigel*,‡,4 *Plant Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, ‡Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tubingen, Germany, ‡‡Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, ¨ Illinois 60637, ††Section of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, †Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, **Plant Biology and Pathology, Waksman Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, § The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia §§ and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, California 92037 Manuscript received May 11, 2009 Accepted for publication July 27, 2009 ABSTRACT Flowering time, a critical adaptive trait, is modulated by several env