Production of transparent ceramics (review).pdfVIP

Glass and Ceramics Vol. 52, Nos. l -2, 1995 Science for Ceramics Manufacture UDC 666.3:535.345.1.002.2 PRODUCTION OF TRANSPARENT CERAMICS (REVIEW) A. V. Belyakov a and A. N. S u k h o z h a k ~ Translated from Steklo i Keramika, Nos. 1 - 2, pp. 14 - 20, January - February, 1995. A phenomenological description of the processes occurring at different stages of manufacturing transparent ceramics from preparing the powder to firing is given from the standpoint of the irreversible and nonequili- brium processes developed by Prigogine and his school. Principles for choosing compacting additions and techniques which impede powder aggregation and local compaction in drying and firing, and the formation of closed intercrystalline and intracrystalline pores in sintering are considered. Transparent ceramics (transparent polycrystalline materi- ramics, water vapor, nitrogen, and carbon can penetrate als) have a lower transmittance than monocrystals, but are closed pores. This makes closed pores the most dangerous more heat resistant and sometimes even stronger. This makes factor in production of transparent ceramics. In this connec- them a less expensive material, especially when the articles tion, the prerequisites for their appearance should be ex- have complex shapes [1, 2], and explains the growing interest cluded at all manufacturing