Antennas for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS).pdfVIP

I N V I T E D P A P E R Antennas for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Global Navigation Satellite System receive antenna technologies are reviewed in this paper, and the design challenges of this exciting area of antenna design are discussed. By Johnson J. H. Wang, Life Fellow IEEE ABSTRACT | Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) will in The price of a GPS antenna also varies widely, ranging from effect be fully deployed and operational in a few years, even $4 to $8000, sometimes higher than that of the receiver. with the delays in Galileo as a consequence of European Union’s Application of GLONASS has been minuscule after financial difficulties. The vastly broadened GNSS spectra, dissolution of the Soviet Union. Recent recovery of the spread densely across 1146–1616 MHz, versus the narrow Global Russian economy propelled by the oil boom has enabled Positioning System (GPS) L1 and L2 bands, together with a the revitalization of GLONASS, which restarted full- constellation of over 100 Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) and constellation operation in April 2011. Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites versus GPS’ 24 MEO In 2002, the European Union started to develop satellites, are revolutionizing the design of GNSS receive Galileo. Originally targeted to start operation in 2008, antennas. For example, a higher elevation cutoff angle will be Galileo suffered from years of delays due to financial and preferred. As a result, fundamental changes in antenna design, technical troubles. In 2011, its delayed plan was to have new features and applications, as well as cost structures are full global coverage in 2019. China began to develop ongoing. Existing GNSS receive antenna technologies are Compa