《Ionic Bonding - Lesson 1》.pptVIP

Ionic Bonding Ionic Bonding Atoms joined (bonded) together by positive-negative attractions Called ‘ELECTROSTATIC ATTRACTIONS’ Cation Anion Very strong electrostatic attraction + - Occurs between cations (positive) and anions (negative) Ionic Bonding Cation Metal Loses Electons Anion Non-metal Gains Electrons + - How are ions formed? By atoms losing (making a cation) or gaining (making an anion) electrons Who Gains, Who Loses? Non-metal atoms GAIN electrons, metal atoms LOSE electrons But How Do We Know WHAT Ion Forms Based on an atom’s electronic configuration, we can predict what ion a given atom will form Each atom can only generate a specific ion (s) What Type of Ion Will Form? Chemistry operates on the principle of atoms trying to get a stable configuration of EIGHT ELECTRONS (or a full outer shell) They can GAIN or LOSE electrons to do this When atoms LOSE electrons they become POSITIVE (e.g. Na+) When atoms GAIN electrons they become NEGATIVE (e.g. Cl-) Would it be easier for Na to gain 7 electrons to make 8 or lose 1 electron to make 8? loses its 3s electron to form CATIONS (+) are formed when atoms (USUALLY METALS) lose electrons to non-metal Example ANIONS (-) are formed when atoms (USUALLY NON-METALS) gain electrons from metal Example gains an electron to form Na - 1s22s22p63s1 Na+ - 1s22s22p63s0 F - 1s22s22p5 F- - 1s22s22p6 Ions are usually isoelectronic with nearest noble gas * * * * * * * * * * * *