浅议华北山地植物资源在生态恢复中应用.pdfVIP

浅议华北山地植物资源在生态恢复中的应用 DiscussionaboutthePlantResourceApplicationinthe EcologicalRestorationintheMountainofNorthChina 唐宇丹1 张治明 姚 涓 张会金 1.中国科学院植物研究所 TangYu-Dan1 ZhangZhi-Ming YaoJuan ZhangHui-Jin 1.InstituteofBotany,ChineseAcademyofSciencesvSeniorengineor 摘要：本文在调查分析华北山地生态系统植被状况、主要退化类型及退化程度基础上，指出山地植被生态恢复的前提 是充分调查和收集与植被恢复相关的基础信息，包括原生植被类型，动、植物和微生物种类、数量和分布，气候和小环 境等生境特点，人文、历史信息等，分析判断导致生态退化的关键因子和主要因素；在植物种类选择上应遵循乡土树种 为主、谨慎引种外来种，乔、灌、草、藤本植物合理配置，适地适种及特殊抗逆性物种筛选的原则，确保生态恢复的植 物物种多样性、引种成功率、生态系统结构和功能的合理性及系统自我更新演替的可持续性，有效控制外来物种的入侵 和对生态系统的破坏。并根据华北山地自然植被特点和生态恢复需要，并以表格的形式简单地介绍了23种草本植物、 132余种乔、灌木和20种藤本植物等乡土物种及其在群落恢复与演替中的地位和恢复技术。 关键词：风景园林；生态恢复；华北山地；植物选择；生长习性；生态适应性 Abstract:Basedontheinvestigationandanalysisaboutthevegetation,typesanddegreesofdegradationecosysteminthe mountainofnorthChina,ithasbeenpointedoutthatthefirstthingofecologicalrestorationofmountainvegetationistocol lectandresearchthedatabaserelatedwiththevegetationrestoration,suchasoriginalvegetationtypes,species,speciess amountsandtheirdistributionofanimals,plantsandanimalcules,climate,microenvironment,humanactivitivesandtheir history,sufficiently.Thenfindingoutthekeyfactorandmainreasonswhichcausedtheecosystemdegradated.Usingthen ativeplantresourcebasicallyandintroducedandapplicationtheextoticplantscarefully,mixedplantingthetrees,shrubs, grassesandvinesintherestorationsystem,plantingtherightspeciesontherightplaceandselectingthespecialspecieswith differentspecialresistance,allthesearetheplantsselectionprinciplesoftheecologicalrestoration.Usingtheseprinciplesof plantsselection,therestorationecosystemwillhavethehighlevelofbiodiversity,andwillleadtothesuccessfulratesof plantsintroduction,thengettingtotherightecosystemstructurewhichwiththerightfunctionofthem,finallytheecosys temwillgettingthesustainableself-renewalandsuccession.Atthesametimethedamagefrominvasiveplantswillbehold u