《F11_Schmitz》.docVIP

LOCAL UPGRADING IN GLOBAL CHAINS:RECENT FINDINGS 全球价值链下的本地升级：近期的研究成果 Abstract: The upgrading prospects of local enterprises differ according to the type of global value chain they feed into. This is the main theme of the paper. It pulls together recent evidence and draw out the strengths and limitations of the global value chain approach to upgrading. The focus on chain governance does not imply that other factors are not important. The proposition is that the upgrading opportunities of local enterprises are often structured by the relationships in global value chains. In other words, the chain approach has a profound effect on the order of questions asked in the debate on upgrading and it provides an analytical grip on the local-global interface. 摘要：本地企业的升级状况依据其所嵌入的全球价值链的不同而不同。这是本文所探讨的主要问题。本文总结了近期的一些研究成果，指出通过嵌入GVC获得升级的有益之处与不足。我们关注价值链治理在升级中的作用不代表其他要素在升级进程中不重要。我们的看法是本地企业获得的升级机遇存在不同和其与所介入的GVC形成何种关系有关。也就是说， 1. Introduction It is universally acknowledged that the amount of trade that regions engage in has a fundamental effect on their economic development. There is much less knowledge about how trade is organised and how this affects economic development. Recent global value chain analysis has made some important advances in this field. Its central proposition is that it matters how trade is organised: it matters for understanding market access, the acquisition of capabilities and the distribution of gains. 一、引言 有关地区或国家贸易的规模对其经济发展有着重要影响的观点已经得到共识。但却很少有研究探讨贸易是怎样开展的以及贸易方式又是怎样影响经济发展的。近期一些有关全球价值链的分析在这一领域作出了一些重要的前进。其主要关注的是贸易是如何组织的，了解市场的进入、能力的获得和收益的分配。 In the thinking on trading relationships, one can broadly distinguish between three phases: - Traditionally, the relationships between producers and customers are thought to be market-based. This assumption continues to prevail (though not always explicitly) in many text books concerned with international trade. - In the 1970s, the importance of intra-firm trade was highlighted in research on multinational corporations and their