第四章词义的翻译.pptVIP

第四章 词义的翻译 How to understand? word meaning in context --- No context, no text: 维特根斯坦（1953:31）：The meaning of a word is its use in a language. Hymes（1972：xix）points out, “The key to understanding language in context is to start not with language, but with context.” Each word when used in a new context is a new word. (J. R. Firth) 一、理解中的选义 run run a fever 发烧 run a sword through sb. 用刀刺死某人 run a thread through an eyelet 把线穿过小孔 run one’s head into a wall The idea runs in his mind. The street runs north. The news runs rapidly in the town. The machine runs well. The river runs east. head He was badly wounded in the head. 他头部受重伤。 You should use your head a bit. 你该用一下自己的头脑。 He has a good head for mathematics. The dinner cost us five dollars a head. Prick with the head of a needle. He was standing at the head of the staircase. The head of his bed was piled with books. Present at the meeting were the heads of government of the four countries. Go and ask the head of our department. Heads or tails? Last He is the last man to come. He is the last man to do it. He is the last person for such a job. 上 上班 to go to work; to be on duty 上场 to appear on the stage / court 上吊 上冻 上光 上火 上课 上口 上门 上演 上阵 上菜 我来给门上漆。 这一盘你上。 头 这娃娃头真大。 The baby has got a real big head. 她这在梳头。 She was combing her hair. 他的女儿在山头上玩。 一辆小汽车停在桥西头。 让我从头讲起吧。 他把铅笔头扔了。 她是我们组的头儿。 他们是一头儿的。 事情不能只顾一头。 这还是我头一次来杭州呢。 我们有30头牛。 他头天上午就来了。 二、表达中的选词 sophisticated sophisticated man 老于世故的人 sophisticated woman 狡黠的女人 sophisticated columnist 老练的专栏作家 sophisticated electronic device 高度精密的电子装置 sophisticated weapon 尖端武器 good It was a girl with good manners. （好举止） There were all labeled as good eggs. （好鸡蛋） Dogs are often regarded as man’s good friends. （好朋友） He was told, when complaining that he could not follow Nasser’s moves, that Nasser was a good chess player. （好棋手） ---yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs his life, who is really deserving of the praises the stone-cutter ca