英美概况部分重点.docVIP

知识点 The Commonwealth of NationsOliver Cromwell奥利弗，克伦威尔 The Supreme Court of USA美国最高法院 the Hundred Years’ War百年战争 Ministers are appointed by the queen on the recommendation of女王的建议任命部长 the Declaration of Independence独立宣言 the American Civil War美国内战 the main agricultural crops of each part of USA美国各地主要农作物 Elementary and secondary education in the U.S covers 12 years for ages 6 through 18, All the states have laws that require children to go to school, generally until the age of 16, unless they are severely handicapped. 美国初等和中等教育共12年，从6岁到期8岁，所有州要求孩子们上学上到期16岁，除非他们严重残疾。 The Capitol HillWashington D.C. 哥伦比亚特区华盛顿 the ancestors of the English and the founders of England Cockneyism英语及其语调的先祖 Heptarchy七国时代 the British and American educational systems英国和美国的教育系统 the Glorious Revolution光荣革命 the Great Lakes Region大湖地区 the political parties in UK and USA在英国和美国的政党 the Church of England伦敦的教堂 Whigs; Tories辉格党；托利党 Ellis Island WASPs黄蜂 The North Atlantic Drift北大西洋暖流 the Peasant Uprising农民起义 the American leading center of heavy industry美国最重要的重工业中心 checks and balances检查和平衡 Terms: Thatcherism 撒切尔主义 Thatcherism referred to the policies put forward by Margaret Thatcher, the first woman prime minister in England in 1979. The main contents of her policies included the return to private ownership of state-owned industries, the use of monetarist policies to control inflation, the weakening of trade unions the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy, and an emphasis on law and order. To some extent her program was successful and she led one of the most remarkable periods in the British economy. 1979年撒切尔夫人成为英国第一任女首相。她提出的政策被为“撒切尔主义”。其内容包括国有工业私有化，采用货币主义政策以控制通货膨胀，削弱工会的影响，加强市场因素在经济中的作用，强调法律和秩序。在一定程度上讲，她的计划是成功的。她领导英国经济度过了一段最繁华的时期之一。/P p The Glorious Revolution光荣革命 In 1685 Charles II died and was succeeded by his brother James II. James was brought up in exile in Europe, was a Catholic. He hoped to rule without giving up his personal religious vies. But England was no more tolerant o