《Li4Ti5O12 36种合成方法汇编》.pdfVIP

Li4Ti5O12 合成方法汇编 1 The Li –Ti –O ternary phase was prepared by two meth- ods. The first was the conventional method_method A. which is heating a mixture of TiO anastase and Li Co at 2 2 3 8008 for 12 h in a nitrogen gas stream. The second method _method B.used was high energy ball milling _HEBM. ofprecursor to form nanocrystalline phases. These materials were then heat treated in order to obtain the desired phases. 2 2.1. Sample preparations 2.1.1. AA-assisted sol –gel method (A) This method involves the mixing of acetate of lithium with the complex agent, acetic acid, in an aqueous medium. Stoichiometric amounts of tetrabutyl titanate [Ti(OC4H9)4] were dissolved in alcohol and then AA was added under stirring to obtain solution A. LiAc ·2H2O was dissolved in the mixture solutions of ethanol and deionize water to obtain solution B. With stirring, B solution was gradually dropped into A solution and then a clear solution was obtained. After slowly hydrolyzing for several hours, transparent gel formed. The resulting gelatin was dried at 80 ◦C over 6 h to extract out excess ethanol and yield organic precursors. The gel precursors were preheated at 500 ◦Cfor 6 h and then calcined at 800 ◦C for 18 h to obtained Li4Ti5O12-A. 2.1.2. CA-assisted sol –gel method (B) A typical sol –gel synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 with citric acid as a complex agent was performed by the following way. Stoichiometric amounts of LiAc ·2H2O and tetrabutyl titanate [Ti(OC4H9)4] were dissolved in alcohol, respectively, to obtain solutionAand B.Anethanol solution ofCAwas added to a mixed solution of A and B under constant stirring to obtain a sol, such that the CA to titanium ions ratio, R, was 0.5. After stirring for 5 h, a transparent gel was obtained. The resulting gel wa