《Diversity and multiplexing_a fundamental tradeoff in multiple-antenna channels》.pdf

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY, VOL. 49, NO. 5, MAY 2003 1073 Diversity and Multiplexing: A Fundamental Tradeoff in Multiple-Antenna Channels Lizhong Zheng, Member, IEEE, and David N. C. Tse, Member, IEEE Abstract—Multiple antennas can be used for increasing the work has concentrated on using multiple transmit antennas amount of diversity or the number of degrees of freedom in wire- to get diversity (some examples are trellis-based space–time less communication systems. In this paper, we propose the point codes [6], [7] and orthogonal designs [8], [3]). However, the of view that both types of gains can be simultaneously obtained for a given multiple-antenna channel, but there is a fundamental underlying idea is still averaging over multiple path gains tradeoff between how much of each any coding scheme can (fading coefficients) to increase the reliability. In a system get. For the richly scattered Rayleigh-fading channel, we give a with transmit and receive antennas, assuming the path simple characterization of the optimal tradeoff curve and use it to gains between individual antenna pairs are independent and evaluate the performance of existing multiple antenna schemes. identically distributed (i.i.d.) Rayleigh faded, the maximal Index Terms—Diversity, multiple input–multiple output diversity gain is , which is the total number of fading gains (MIMO), multiple antennas, space–time codes, spatial multi- that one can average over. plexing. Transmit or receive diversity is