2016届高三一轮英语大一轮复习（导学案）：定语从句.docVIP

定语从句 一、关系代词的用法 1．that和which的用法 (1)限制性定语从句中，必须用关系代词that的情况： ①当先行词是不定代词all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one时。 You should hand in all that you have. ②当先行词前面被the only，the very，any，few，little，no，all等词修饰时。 This is the only thing that has been tried. ③当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best that has been used against pollution. ④当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。 This train is the last that will go to Suzhou. ⑤当先行词既有人又有物时。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? ⑥当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 Which is the bike that you lost? ⑦有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个宜用that。 They secretly built up a small factory，which produced things that could cause pollution. ⑧当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. (2)定语从句中必须用which的情况： ①在非限制性定语从句中，只用which，不用that。 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，which，of course，made the others envy him. ②当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用which，不用that。 This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived. 2．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，即：介词＋which/whom。 They may start as a group of high-school students，for whom practising their music in someone’s house is the first step to fame. He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall apple tree. 3．as和which的区别 (1)as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。 The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect. (2)当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。 As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month. (3)当定语从句放在主句后面时，也并不是as就永远等于which。 ①当定语从句是否定句或表示否定时，只能用which。 He came here very late，which was unexpected(not expected)． ②当非限制性定语从句的谓语后跟一个复合结构时，只能用which引导定语从句。 Betty always tells a lie，which her parents feel strange. 二、关系副词的用法 1．当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.(when＝on which) Can you tell me the office where he works？(where＝in which) 2．介词＋关系代词(which)＝where/when。有时为表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where/when