化工柠檬酸钠的合成及其应用研究.doc

摘 要 柠檬酸钠是一种无色晶体或结晶粉末，是目前最重要的柠檬酸盐。柠檬酸钠主要由淀粉经发酵生成柠檬酸，再和碱类物质中和而产生。柠檬酸钠用作食品添加剂，需求量最大，主要用作调味剂、缓冲剂、乳化剂、膨胀剂、稳定剂和防腐剂等。工业上生产柠檬酸钠的传统工艺过程是：先用硫酸对柠檬酸钙进行酸解，在进行过滤、脱色及离子交换，得到柠檬酸。将柠檬酸与碳酸钙进行中和反应，记得到柠檬酸钠。该方法生产成本高、周期长、副产品硫酸钙不能有效利用，从而造成环境污染。 实验研究采用钙盐一步法生产柠檬酸钠：用柠檬酸钙与碳酸钠反应来生成柠檬酸钠。依旧工艺比较这种新工艺简化了生产过程，降低了成本，但必须使用催化剂。实验研究了钙盐一步法生产柠檬酸钠的工艺方法，通过对实验条件的研究，是柠檬酸钙的转换率最高达到99.7%，柠檬酸钠的产率最高达到98.6%，该方法缩短了反应时间、提高了产率、减少了污染。 关键词：柠檬酸钠、柠檬酸、催化剂、生产工艺 Abstract Sodium citrate is one kind of clear crystal or the whiter crystallization powder, at present the most important citrate. Sodium citrate is producing by the starch class material after the fermentation production citric acid in the alkalis materials. Sodium citrate serves as the food additive, is high demand, and mainly serves as the seasonal, the buffer, the emulsifier, the plumping agent, the stabilizer and the antiseptic and so on. In the industry produces sodium citrate the traditional process is: First, Sulfuric acid solution of citric acid, calcium, further filtering, bleaching and in exchange, to sodium citrate. This method production cost is high, the cycly is long, the sideline product calcium sulfate cannot use effectively, thus causes the environmental pollution. The present paper uses the calcium salt one-stage process production sodium citrate: Produce the sodium citrate with the calcium cutrate and the sodium carbonate response. Compared with the old process, this new technology simplifies the production process, reduced the cost, but must use catalyst. Through to experimental condition research, Causes the calcium citrate the conversion rate to be highest achieve 99.7%. This method reduced the reaction time, raise the production rate, and reduce the pollution. Key word: Sodium citrate; Citrate acid; Catalyst; Technique of production 目 录 摘 要 I Abstract II 第一章 绪论 1 1.1柠檬酸钠的商业价值和意义 1 1.1.1概述 1 1.1.2 柠檬酸钠的应用 2 1.2国内外柠檬酸钠的发展历程 2 1.3柠檬酸钠的制备 4 1.3.1柠檬酸钠的性能 4 1.3.2复分解反应机理 5 1.3.3柠檬酸钠的制备 5 1.4选题的背景及研究意义 6 第二章 实验部分 7 2.1 主要实验试剂和仪器 7 2.1.1实验试剂 7 2.1