茶氨酸酶促生物合成及研究进展.pdfVIP

茶叶科学 2011 ，31 （1）：1~10 Journal of Tea Science 茶氨酸酶促生物合成研究进展 1,2 2 1 1,2 2* 陈林 ，张正竹 ，陈键 ，张应根 ，宛晓春 1. 福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所，福建 福安 355015 ； 2. 安徽农业大学教育部茶叶生物化学与生物技术重点实验室，安徽 合肥 230036 摘要：茶氨酸系茶树（Camellia sinensis ）特征性成分，具有放松镇静、增强记忆、保护神经、化疗调节等诸 多生理活性。目前发现能催化茶氨酸生物合成的酶有 7 种，它们分别是茶氨酸合成酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、γ- 谷氨酰甲胺合成酶、谷氨酸合成酶、γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶、谷氨酰胺酶和 γ-谷氨酰转肽酶。茶氨酸生物合 成反应有两种代表类型：（1）谷氨酸和乙胺为底物的连接合成反应（需 ATP 供能）；（2 ）谷氨酰胺和乙胺为底 物的酰基转移反应。本文对茶氨酸酶促合成途径进行了综述，以此为茶氨酸微生物合成技术的开发应用提供参 考依据。 关键词：茶氨酸；生物合成；酶；综述 中图分类号：TS272 ；Q815 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-369X （2011 ）01-001-10 Review on Enzymatic Biosynthesis of Theanine 1,2 2 1 1,2 2* CHEN Lin , ZHANG Zheng-zhu , CHEN Jian , ZHANG Ying-gen , WAN Xiao-chun 1. Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu’an 355015, China; 2. Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230036, China Abstract: As a characteristic component in tea plant ( Camellia sinensis), theanine has many favorable physiological effects, such as promoting relaxation, enhancing memory, neuroprotection, modulation of chemotherapy, etc. So far, seven kinds of enzyme have been discovered by which theanine can be synthesized. They are respectively named as theanine synthetase, glutamine synthetase, γ-glutamylmethylamide synthetase, glutamate synthetase, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, glutaminase and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase. The two representative reaction types for theanine biosynthesis are linking reaction between glutamic acid and ethylamine in the presence of ATP and γ-glutamyl transfer reactio