2011名词性从句讲义仔.docVIP

先要明白： 独立存在的主谓语结构是主句。不能独立存在而必须从属于主句的主谓结构是从句。名词性从句就是在整个句子中的作用相当于一个名词或名词短语的从句。名词性从句作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。 一 定义：一个主谓结构（从）在另一个主谓结构（主）中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语 名词从句涵盖：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。 辨别下列名词性从句的类别： 1.How the book will sell depends on its author.主语从句 2.John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.宾语从句 3.The fact is that he has not been seen recently.表语从句 4.The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 同位语从句 5.He will talk to us about what he saw in U.S.宾语从句 6.It is impossible that I go and attend the meeting.主语从句 That/wh-clause + v +…主语从句 S +be/link.v + that/wh-clause表语从句 S + vt + that/wh-clause宾语从句 S + vi + prep + wh-clause宾语从句 二．引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：　　 连接词：that, whether, if 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose(ever), which（ever). 连接副词：when, where, how, why 1、that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分， 本身也没有意义，只有在宾语从句中可省略 2、 引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,that不可省略。 千万别放在介词后！ 3.whether 能引导所有名词从句，而且能和or not连用；if 只能引导宾语从句，且不能和or not连用 4.what 引导名词从句时，可有两种意义：1.表示疑问意义2.表示……的东西I dont know what he wants. Thats what he wants. what =all that this is what we should do. this is all(that) we should do. 但this is all what we should do. 错误 5.从句要用陈述语序，尤其是wh-类词引出的从句要倍加注意。I want to know whats your name. 6.带-ever的关系代词其强调作用。 whoever makes mistakes must correct them. you can take whichever room you prefer. that在从句中不作成分，没有意义；whether和if是连词，在句中只起连接作用，在从句中不充当成分，但不能省略；而wh-连接代词和连接副词在从句中充当某一成分，且有意义。 动词doubt表示“怀疑、不知道” 解时，肯定句接whether引导的宾语从句；否定句don’t doubt和疑问句Do you doubt要接that引导的从句。 e. g. I don’t doubt that he will come soon. 我不怀疑他不久会来。 Can you doubt that he will win? 你怀疑他会赢吗？ I doubt whether it is true. 我怀疑那不是真的。 whether从句几乎能作所有介词的宾语；that引导的从句只能作except, but, besides的介词宾语。 e. g. I have no interest in whether he will come. He is a good boy except that he is careless sometimes. whether和if的区别 （1）whether可以用于discuss和一般的介词，而if不能。 （2）whether用于所有的名词性从句，而if只能引导宾语从句； 主语从句在句首时不用if；有形式主语it时if能引导主语从句。 （3