15-脂类和脂生物化学2.ppt

* 前列腺素这一名实际是种误称，在前列腺液中类似前列腺素的活性物质并不多。在精液内所含的前列腺素主要来自精囊。在哺乳动物中，机体内所含前列腺素极广，如男女的生殖系统，精液、雄性副性腺、子宫内膜、卵巢、胎盘、脐带、经血、羊水及脑、肺、肾、支气管、胸腺、脊髓、虹膜、甲状腺、肾上腺、心肌、脾、胃粘膜、肠、血浆、血小板、脂肪、神经组织内。借助于现代化的气相层析、质谱分析和X－光衍射等新方法可测定结构，  * Ibuprofen：异丁苯丙酸，布洛芬（抗炎，镇痛药） * * Because lipids are not soluble in water, they cannot move freely in the bloodstream. They are, instead, chemically bound with specific proteins that act primarily to transport lipids. These proteins are called lipoproteins. There are five types of lipoproteins: chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL and HDL. This section will discuss the two better known lipoproteins: LDL and HDL. * Bad cholesterol is that which is carried on a molecule called LDL and which has the tendency to release cholesterol into the tissues, including the vessel walls. * A smaller molecule, HDL is also called “good” cholesterol because it can bring cholesterol back from the tissues to the liver. The higher the level of HDL and the lower level of LDL, the less likely it is someone will develop blockages (no levels guarantee it, though!) HDL cholesterol appears to have the strongest relationship to coronary heart disease. It may also be that raised levels exert a protective effect in that premenopausal women have HDL concentrations 30-60% higher than their mail counterparts. * * There are several other diseases (specifically, diabetes and some forms of thyroid, liver and kidney diseases) that can cause high cholesterol, and your physician should check for these as part of the evaluation. Some medications can alter the levels of cholesterol and/or triglycerides. However, it is most frequently caused by a combination of diet and genetic factors built in to a person’s make-up. Even patients with great genes for cholesterol metabolism can overwhelm the system by pursuing an inactive lifestyle, gaining weight, and eating a high fat diet. Many more people don’t even need to try hard to get a high cholesterol because their livers don’t handle even a moderate amo