汽车排气消声器学特性分析.pdfVIP

摘 要 传统排气系统消声器设计主要根据一维平面波理论，但该理论难以正确模拟 三维的波动，计算结果不准确。有限元三维数值方法能对排气系统性能进行准确 模拟，并能考虑到多种外界因素的影响，是消声器改进设计的有效方法。 本文针对某汽车消声器，采用有限元方法建立了该消声器的声场模型，同时 对模型进行了声场分析，根据要求提出了几种结构优化方案，并对每个方案进行 了声场分析，找出符合要求的最优方案。 论文首先基于传递矩阵法推导了消声器中的简单扩张腔、加插入管扩张腔和 共振腔的传递矩阵，建立了消声器传递损失计算的数学模型；其次介绍了一维和 三维有限元方法的计算特点，并进行了比较，得出了三维方法更为准确和可行的 结论，并了解了每种消声单元的不同特性，为以后的改进提供了依据。 其次在 UG 环境下建立了某型号Ⅰ消声器的三维几何模型，根据声场分析的 特点，对模型进行几何清理，网格划分，得到了声场有限元模型，利用SYSNOISE 软件分别对某型号Ⅰ消声器前、后消的消声性能和总体消声性能进行分析，并和 试验结果进行比较，验证了三维实体模型的准确性。在了解原消声器设计意图的 基础上，对某型号Ⅰ消声器前、后消进行了改进。 最后，对提出的改进方案进行声场有限元分析，并与某型号Ⅰ消声器前、后 消消声性能进行对比，得到最优消声性能的前、后消声器改进方案，计算结果表 明最优改进方案基本满足改进要求。 关键词：排气消声器，有限元，声场分析，结构优化 I ABSTRACT Most of the exhaust system design methods developed earlier have dealt primarily with one-dimension-plane wave theory. But the theory is hard to provide accurate analysis result because of the effect of the three dimensional wave. The three dimensional numerical method such as the finite element method can simulate the exhaust system’s characteristic accurately and take the influence of several outside factors into account. So it is an effective method to an improved design. In this thesis, aiming at a muffler of some vehicle, an acoustic model of the muffler is built by Finite element method (FEM). The acoustics characteristic analysis of the muffler is carried out according this model, and some improvements are achieved as the demand of our factory. The optimization improvement is found after the acoustics characteristic analysis of each improvement. Based on Transfer matrix method (TMM) the basic muffler units transfer matrix are figured out, meanwhile mathmatic models of the muffler transfer loss are carri