会话原则下的文化因素.docVIP

会话原则下的文化因素 Abstract: There are some conversational principles necessary for a successful conversation. One is the Cooperative Principle of four maxims. Violating any one of the four maxims will give rise to conversational implicatures; the other is the Politeness Principle, proposed to rescue the Cooperative Principle. To draw pragmatic implications from the violation of the Cooperative Principle is of no difference between the west and the east. What are different lies in people’s choice of the maxims of the Cooperative Principle and this is due to different cultural background. Chinese-styled politeness is characterized by four aspects: respectfulness, modesty, attitudinal warmth and refinement. Language, as a special form of communication, may be viewed as a system, as a vehicle for cultural transmission. It does not exist apart from culture. Thus, language and cultural are interactive and understanding of one requires understanding of the other. To better achieve the communicative goal, it is necessary to choose the appreciate way of expression under certain circumstances and cultural factors plays an important role in using language effectively. Key words: cultural difference; conversational principles ; Cooperative Principle ; Politeness Principle Few areas of people’s experience are closer to them or more continuously with them than their language—they have to communicate by speaking, listening, reading and writing in everyday life. In the course of communication, it is no doubt that speech enjoys priority not only because it precedes writing in terms of evolution, but a large amount of communication is carried out in conversation as well. An ideal conversation is usually assumed to be carried out by ?turn-taking” and thus the meanings of the utterance are expressed accordingly. However, the real intentions of the speakers cannot always be drawn by simply interpreting the surface meanings of the words in the utterance