2001年级口译课课件 - 四川外国语大学精品课程建设网站.pptVIP

Unit 9-paraphrasing: Tactics 1.?? Change of parts of speech Original: Tourism earns a lot of foreign exchange for Spain. Paraphrased: Tourism is a big foreign exchange earner for Spain. 2.? Change of sentence structure Original: Only by eliminating corruption and bureaucracy can we establish a clean, small and efficient government. Paraphrased: We must get rid of corruption and bureaucracy before we are able to establish a clean, small and efficient government. 3.?? Break up the long sentence into several short ones Original: The boom in the airline industry that began about 30 years ago resulted in a corresponding boom in hotel construction. Paraphrased: The airline industry started to boom about 30 years ago. This boom brought a similar boom in hotel construction. * Unit Ten—Anticipation in Interpreting (1) Linguistic anticipation语言系预测 extra-linguistic anticipation非语言系预测 ? 语言系预测 词汇的排列是有规律可循的。比如在英语里，介词后面接冠词或名词的概率很高，而接另一个介词或动词的概率则很低。这种规律可以帮助人们对在特定语境中的词义进行预测。（2）语言系统内部存在着大量的冗余现象，语言的冗余带来信息的冗于。在语段中，上文中的关键词汇已能清楚的表达尚未结束部分的意义。（3）在特定的语境中，被唤起或被激活的认知知识含有尚未结束的句子的意思。 * Unit 10—Anticipation: Example 1 Allmost four years ago, on July 1st, 1997, in this very special place, in a solemn ceremony marking the hand-over, President Jiang announced to the world the return of Hong Kong to China.（近四年前，1997年7月1日，江主席莅临此地，出席庄严肃穆的香港回归大典，向全世界宣布香港回归祖国。） 在这句话中，译员的语言知识以及被唤起的认知知识足以使其对以下划线部分进行预测，：Almost four years ago（近四年前）, on July 1st, 1997（1997年7月1 日） in this very special place（就在此地）, in a solemn ceremony（在庄严肃穆的典礼上） marking the hand-over（标志着回归）, President Jiang（江主席） announced to the world the return of Hong Kong to China（宣布香港回归祖国）。对划线部分中一些词的预测实际上遵循了英语词汇排列的规律，如ago，place等，它们前面的词语使其在这一语境中显得毫无疑义；而译员对其他划线部分的预测则与其认知知识息息相关，如on July 1st, 1997, ceremony, President Jiang, the return of Hong Kong to China。从某种意义上讲，如果译员在其认知知识库里已经储存这样的信息：江泽民主席于1997年7月1日宣布香港回归中国，那么上述划线部分实际上就成了冗余信息。 * Unit 10: Anticipation in interpreting