第章结缔组织.pptVIP

第3章 结缔组织 Connective Tissue 上皮组织 上皮组织 结缔组织 结缔组织 1. 结构特点： 细胞数量少, 细胞外基质多。 细胞外基质=纤维+基质+组织液 分散无极性 血管、神经和淋巴管 2. 功能: Support, connection, nutrition, and repair 3. 来源： 间充质Mesenchyme 结缔组织 4. 分类 固有结缔组织Connective tissue proper Loose connective tissue Dense connective tissue Adipose tissue（脂肪组织） Reticular tissue（网状组织） 软骨和骨（Cartilage and bone） 血液和淋巴（Blood and Lymph） 一、Loose connective tissue 蜂窝组织Areolar tissue 特征： 细胞和纤维数量少 细胞种类多 基质多 细胞：7种 细胞基质: 纤维：3种 基质：蛋白多糖；纤维粘连蛋白 组织液 1. Cells 固有细胞: 成纤维细胞(fibroblast) 脂肪细胞(fat cell) 未分化的间充质细胞(undifferentiated mesenchymal cell) 游走细胞: 巨噬细胞(macrophage) 浆细胞(plasma cell) 肥大细胞(mast cell) 白细胞(leukocyte) A. 成纤维细胞Fibroblast A. 成纤维细胞Fibroblast 纤维细胞Fibrocyte 纤维细胞Fibrocyte B. 巨噬细胞Macrophage Derived from monocyte Structure: An ovoid or spheroid cell may change its shape extend pseudopodia to move and ingest materials. Nucleus is small and condensed B. 巨噬细胞Macrophage B. 巨噬细胞Macrophage 功能 ①吞噬作用 ②抗原提呈 ③分泌功能 C. 浆细胞Plasma cell Structure: LM: Ovoid with an eccentrically placed nucleus having its denser chromatin granules clumped regularly around the nuclear membrane C. 浆细胞Plasma cell EM: Cytoplasm is deeply basophilic from the rich RER and free ribosome except for a pale central region where the Golgi complex lies Function: Synthesize and secrete immunoglobulin (Ig) D. 肥大细胞Mast cell Structure: Spheroid with a small central nucleus Its cytoplasm packed with basophilic granules Granules give a metachromatic staining reaction with toluidine blue甲苯胺蓝 D. 肥大细胞Mast cell 嗜碱性颗粒： 肝素Heparin 组胺（Histamine） 嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子（Acidophilic chemotactic factor） 胞质内 白三烯（Leukotriene） D. Mast cells D. Mast cells Function: D. Mast cells D. Mast cells E. 脂肪细胞Fat cell Structure: Function: F. 未分化的间充质细胞 分布: 结构: Similar to fibrocytes Smaller 功能: 多向分化的潜能 参与CT和小血管的修复 G. 白细胞Leukocytes 来自血液，各种白细胞 Leukocytes, or white blood cells, are frequently found in connective tissue. In general, they migrate across the capillary and venule walls from the blood. There is a continu