以苯乙烯化苯酚甲醛树脂作为前聚体合成破乳剂.docVIP

摘 要 酚醛树脂作前聚体的聚醚型非离子型破乳剂破乳性能好，应用广泛，是目前发展最快的一类破乳剂，但是被用作前聚体的烷基酚醛树脂种类较少且结构较单一，其中以苯乙烯化苯酚甲醛树脂作为前聚体合成破乳剂还未有过系统研究。本文以苯乙烯化苯酚甲醛树脂为前聚体，与不同配比的环氧丙烷与环氧乙烷聚合得系列破乳剂样品，并对影响脱水效果的因素进行了考察。 用正交试验法考察了反应温度、催化剂用量及反应时间对苯乙烯化苯酚产率的影响，用信噪比计算并选择出了最优合成条件组，对最优产率做了计算预测，并对预测值进行了实验验证，发现反应温度及催化剂用量均有一个最适合点，而反应时间越长越有利于产率的提高。催化苯乙烯化苯酚最佳合成条件是：反应温度130℃，催化剂用量0.5%(wt.%)，反应时间90min，在此条件下的产率可达88.5%，计算值与验证产率基本吻合。 对合成出的酚醛树脂做了红外图谱测试，苯乙烯化苯酚的特征峰明显，从红外图谱可以分析出苯乙烯在苯酚上的取代数及位置，苯乙烯的加入量增加后，苯乙烯在苯酚上有单取代变为多位取代，苯乙烯化苯酚的支链状结构明显增加。 用组合化学法筛选了环氧丙烷与环氧乙烷的配比。发现在本文所设定的配比范围内，环氧丙烷及环氧乙烷的含量越高对破乳越有利，在实验设计的基础上选择出了适合的环氧丙烷及环氧乙烷配比。对破乳剂进行了红外图谱测试，图谱中聚醚键的特征峰明显。 测得了破乳剂的RSN，验证了RSN的变化与破乳剂的结构的关系，发现前聚体中苯乙烯含量的增加确实能增大破乳剂油头的分子量，表现为破乳剂亲油性的加强，RSN的减小。验证了RSN与破乳剂破乳性能之间的关系，发现对此类破乳剂RSN大的即水溶好的破乳剂破乳效果更好。 对所合成的破乳剂进行了破乳脱水实验，分析了破乳剂结构的变化对破乳效果的影响，筛选出几种较好的破乳剂样品进行了不同原油的脱水实验，发现本文所合成破乳剂对稠油有着较好脱水效果。 关键词：苯乙烯化苯酚，非离子表面活性剂，聚醚类破乳剂，原油脱水 Abstract The polyether demulsifier synthesized with phenolic resin, propylene oxide and ethylene oxide was considered to be the best performance, most widely used and fastest developing. However the phenolic resins used to synthesis polyether demulsifier was little in quantity and few in species. Nobody has had systematic study on synthesizing styrenated phenol as precursor till now, so synthesizing styrenated phenol as precursor was studied. Analysis and characterization of precursor and demulsifier also was shown in this paper. The effects of heating temperature, quantity of catalyst and heating time on synthesis of styrenated phenol were analyzed. The optimum synthetic condition obtained based on means of the orthognal designing Experiments was the temperature 130℃, the quantity of catalyst 0.5%((wt.%)) and reaction time 90min. Screened the amount of PO and Eo for synthesizing demulsifier using a combinatorial chemical method, found that high content of PO and EO was favorable for demulsifier. The infared spectrum of precursors and demulsifiers were analyzed. The relative solubility numbers were got by a simple testing method. And to discuss