电子与通信工程专业英语 徐存善 Unit 22新.pptVIP

Computer Simulation Circuit switching achieved its widespread, dominant position because it is well-suited to the analog transmission of voice signals. In today’s digital world, its inefficiencies are more apparent. However, despite the inefficiency, circuit switching is and will remain an attractive choice for both local area and wide area networking. One of its key strengths is that it is transparent. In addition, circuit switching avoids the complex routing, flow control, and error control requirements that we will see for packet switching networks. 线路交换已取得广泛应用并占据了主导地位，这是由于它很好地适合于语音信号的模拟传输。但在今天的数字世界中，其效率低是比较明显。然而，撇开低效这个因素，线路交换对于组织局域网和广域网来说是并仍将是一种有吸引力的选择。其关键优势在于一旦电路建立，它是透明的。此外，线路交换避免了复杂的路由选择、流量控制和差错控制等要求，而这些我们却会在分组交换网里遇到。 The long-haul circuit-switched telecommunications network was originally designed to handle voice traffic, and the majority of traffic on these networks continues to be voice. A key characteristic of circuit-switched networks is that resources within the network are dedicated to a particular call. For voice connections, the resulting circuit will enjoy a high percentage of utilization since, most of the time, one party or the other is talking. However, as the circuit-switched network began to be used increasingly for data connections, two shortcomings became apparent: 长途的电路交换电信网原本是为处理语音业务设计的，现在这些网上的大多数业务也仍然是话务。网内资源为某一特定的呼叫所专用是电路交换网的主要特点之一，对话音连接来说，这样形成的电路享有较高的利用率，因为在极大部分时间里，一方或另一方都在讲话。但随着电路交换网开始日渐增多地用于数据连接，其两个缺点也日益凸现： (1)In a typical terminal-to-host data connection, much of the time the line is idle. Thus, with data connections, a circuit-switched approach is inefficient. (2)In a circuit-switched network, the connection provides for transmission at constant data rate. Thus both devices that are connected must transmit and receive at the same data rate. This limits the utility of the network in interconnecting a variety of host computers and terminals. (1)在典型的用户对主机的数据连接中，线路在许多时间内是空闲的，因此对数据连接来说，线