论海难救助的救助报酬和共同海损之间的关系终.docVIP

论海难救助的救助报酬与共同海损之间的关系 专业班级：海商法一班 姓 名： 邵文 指导老师： 蒋跃川 法学院 摘 要 在海难事故中，可能需要请求他方对遇难船舶进行救助或者他方主动对遇难船舶进行救助，这就会产生救助报酬的支付问题；如果发生海难事故当时船上还运载了货物，还会涉及到共同海损的相关问题。 在讨论海难救助的救助报酬与共同海损之间的关系之前，要先分别理清救助报酬的概念与相关易混淆概念的区别。而且海难救助报酬的产生与海难救助制度的产生是相生相伴的关系，海难救助的出现必然要求对救助报酬进行公正合理分配。 接下来本文对《1974年约克－安特卫普规则》之前各国对救助报酬的处理、《约克－安特卫普规则》之后的变化作出了说明，其中包括对《1989年救助公约》、《1990年修订之1974年约克－安特卫普规则》及《1994年约克－安特卫普规则》中涉及的为防止或减轻环境污损的救助款项与共同海损的关系进行了较为系统的分析，对该救助报酬可以列为共同海损，特别补偿不能列为共同海损主要的已不是法律上的理论问题，而是各国在共损理算中如何处理的方法问题。最后在《2004年约克－安特卫普规则》中说明了2004年修改的原因并解释了修改内容，即大部分救助报酬将被排除在共同海损之外，只有在船东代其他获救方支付了救助报酬的情况下，该部分救助报酬才可作为共同海损要求有关方分摊，并补充了《2004年约克—安特卫普规则》对共同海损的影响。笔者希望通过对本文的研究，对我国《海商法》是否将救助报酬列为共同海损有一定的意义。 关键字：救助报酬 共同海损 特别补偿 环境污损 Abstract In the perils of the sea, may need to call for other party to salvage the ship in the perils, on some occasions the other party may salvage the ship initiatively. There may be disputes that concern the payment of Salvage Charges after the rescue action. If the ship in the peril has cargo on it, there may be some disputes on the General Average and others issues related. Along with the sea salvage System’s yielding, the issue that how to distribute salvage reward legitimately and justly emerged. This part discussed the legal character of salvage reward, which should be analysed in the category of maritime law. The paper tries to analyse the salvage remuneration in which the skill and efforts of the salvors in preventing or minimising damage to the environment which is issued in Art.13 paragraph 1(b) of the International Convention on Salvage, 1989, and special compensation payable to a salvor by the shipowner under Art.14 of the said Convention to the extent specified in paragraph of that Article or under any other provisions similar in substance. It is emphatically dicussed whether there shall be any allowance in general average for losses, damages or expenses incurred in respect of damage to the environment or in consequence of the escape or release of pollutant substances from the