阶层分化和乡村治理转型(终稿).docVIP

农民阶层分化与乡村治理转型 刘 锐 张蓝图 摘要：农民阶层分化对乡村秩序维系和基层民主发扬影响重大，研究发现，农民阶层分化受宏观制度影响。用社会资源作为农民分层标准，同时纳入土地变量，可以找到合适的乡村治理主体。在阶层分化条件下，农村基层组织应该由符合乡村治理目标，兼顾多数阶层利益，注意维护乡村稳定大局，保证阶层公平和整体正义的阶层成员担任。通过比较中农阶层和富人阶层的阶层秉赋、治理方式、治理绩效发现，中农阶层在维护村庄稳定、促进阶层整合、发展乡村民主等方面具有得天独厚的优势，是国家政权在新时期坚定的依靠力量。 关键词：农民阶层分化 乡村治理转型 分层标准 富人治村 中农治村 Class Differentiation and Rural Governance Transformation Liu Rui (Research Center of China Rural Governance of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei 430074) Abstract： The peasant class differentiation significant impact on the rural order to maintain and carry forward the grass-roots democracy, study found that, farmers’ class differentiation is influenced by the macro system. Use social resources as farmers’ hierarchical standard included in the land variable, we can find a suitable rural governance body. In the class differentiation, grassroots organizations in rural areas should be provided by the class members who meet the goal of rural governance, take into account of the most class interests, pay attention to the maintenance of rural stability , ensure class fair and village overall justice. Through comparing middle peasant class and the wealthy class’s endowments, governance, governance performance, we found that, middle peasant class has a unique advantage of maintaining the village stability, promoting class integrated, developing rural democracy; they constitute a force our state power can rely on in the new era. Keywords: peasant’s class differentiation, rural governance, stratification standard, village managed by the rich, village managed by the middle 一．引言 改革开放以来，随着国家权力的上收及市场经济机制的引入，农民的生产生活自主性大大增加，农村社会高度同质化、均质化，壁垒森严且缺乏流动的格局被打破，长期以农为本的阶层结构开始大规模的重新分化与组合。农民分化在分田到户不久就开始出现，但那时阶层重构形势还不明朗，一直到税费改革后，农民阶层面貌和特征才逐渐明晰。 已有的农民分层研究主要是讨论农民阶层分化的标准、成因、现状、特点、后果及相应的治理对策，关注农民阶层分化对农村文化建设，土地流转，市民化进程，社会整合与稳定，农业产业调整，法律制度运行，农村思想政治工作等方面的影响作用。少数研究涉及到农民阶层分化与乡村治理的关系。林炳玉认为，农村阶层分化对保持党员的先进性带来机遇与挑战[]。卢福营从阶层博弈的视角考察村民自治，将村庄权力结构分为管理者控制型、权力精英主导型、群众自治型三种结构[]。钟立华、徐斌则认为，当前的农村