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外文原文1 Increased Snow Loads and Wind Actions on Existing Buildings: Reliability of the Norwegian Building Stock Vivian Meloysund, Ph.D. ; Kim Robert Liso, Ph.D. ; Jan Siem ; and Kristoffer Apeland Abstract: Results from an investigation of snow loads and wind actions on 20 existing buildings in Norway are presented. The objective has been to investigate to what extent existing buildings meet current regulatory requirements relating to safety against collapse owing to snow loads or wind actions. Eighteen buildings have a utilization ratio of more than 1.0 under current regulations. The new desig