CircuitSimulation-ElectricalandComputerEngineering.docVIP

Circuit Construction using Integrated Circuits Objective In this experiment we’ll look at how to construct circuits using an IC (integrated circuit) chip. You’ll have an opportunity to practice reading schematics and translating from a manufacturer’s “pin out” diagram to the actual wires on your breadboard and circuit. We’ll continue to practice the model, measure, repeat strategy as we gain experience with Matlab and the circuit simulation tools in P-Spice. The specific Chip we’ll use is the LM741 Op Amp (operational amplifier). We’ll use PSpice to simulate circuits, to see what we should expect theoretically, and also Matlab to predict the circuit output. Once we know what to expect, the actual circuits will be built, and the results compared with the theory. You’ll continue to explore the features of the bench test equipment. Many common circuits require the use of “dual voltage,” a plus voltage and a minus voltage. Op-amps are also very common ICs. HINT: When you put a sine wave into a linear system, you’d expect to see a sine wave come out. If you see a wave form that looks squared off and flat on the top, be prepared to explain why your model didn’t predict it. Concepts Figure 1 shows a basic inverting amplifier circuit. The triangle is the circuit symbol for the op amp chip. The ‘-‘input is called the inverting input, and the ‘+’ is called the non-inverting input. When an input signal is applied between R1 and ground, the circuit amplifies it. The circuit also inverts the signal (the output will have the opposite sign as the input) because the non-inverting input is grounded, and the input signal goes through R1 to the inverting input. Figure 1: Inverting amplifier circuit The voltage gain, Av, is defined as the output voltage divided by the input voltage. For the circuit in Figure 1, the gain is: Av = -R2/R1. (1) Thus the resistors can be manipulated to change the gain. One aspect of the circuit that’s not shown on the circuit diagra