计算机导论Chapter4 GatesandCircuits_2008.pptVIP

* /060227/117,1320,1146800,00.shtml *  * * */41 Half Adder Design (1/2) In circuit design, we first produce the truth table of the circuit, which is half adder here. Page 103 Input Output */41 Half Adder Design (2/2) Then with certain technique we abtain Boolean expressions of each output: sum = A ? B carry = AB At last we draw circuit diagram representing the circuit. Page 109 A half adder */41 Multiplexers Multiplexer is a general circuit that produces a single output signal The output is equal to one of several input signals to the circuit The multiplexer selects which input signal is used as an output signal based on the value represented by a few more input signals, called select signals or select control lines */41 Multiplexers The control lines S0, S1, and S2 determine which of eight other input lines (D0 through D7) are routed to the output (F) Figure 4.11 A block diagram of a multiplexer with three select control lines Page 111 */41 4.5 Circuits as Memory Figure 4.12 An S-R latch S R X (stores a bit) Y 0 0 unpredictable, not sure only used to help generate X 0 1 set to 1 and holds 1 1 0 set to 0 and holds 0 1 1 keeps its original value S-R latch can hold the values of outputs, that is, it can use X to store one bit. */41 4.6 Integrated Circuits Integrated circuit (also called a chip) is a piece of silicon (硅) on which multiple gates have been embedded(嵌入). These silicon pieces are mounted on a plastic(塑料的) or ceramic(陶瓷的) package with pins (针脚) along the edges that can be soldered(焊接) onto circuit boards(电路板) or inserted into appropriate sockets(插槽). */41 Integrated Circuits Integrated circuits (IC) are classified by the number of gates contained in them. Page 117 */41 Integrated Circuits Figure 4.13 An SSI chip contains independent NAND gates */41 4.7 CPU Chips The most important integrated circuit in any computer is the Central Processing Unit, or CPU. Each CPU chip has a large number of pins through which essentially