力学摩擦部分.pptVIP

Chapter 8 Friction Friction may be defined broadly as the resistance that occurs between two bodies in contact when they tend to slide or roll relative to one another. Based on the relative movement between two surfaces, there are two kinds of friction: Sliding friction(滑动摩擦): walking, pushing(pulling) a body, rotation of a shaft,etc. Rolling friction(滚动摩擦)：wheel, ball bearing . According to the physical properties of the contacting surfaces, friction can be classified as： Dry friction(干摩擦)：brake Moist friction(湿摩擦)：oil between shaft and bearing. The reasons that cause friction: On the atomic scale, all surfaces are rough. The interlocking of microscopic or submicroscopic protuberances, or asperities(bumps), on contacting bodies naturally opposes sliding motion.When sliding occurs, the tops of some of these bumps are sheared off from the softer body by the harder body, but the bodies may “ride over” most of the bumps, particularly at high speeds of sliding. 8.1 Frictional force (滑动摩擦力) Critical state(临界状态): refers to the maximum static friction when the two bodies in contact are just ready to slip relative to each other. Sliding states(滑动状态): refers to two bodies slide relative to one another. The frictional force of sliding The three states of behavior of friction 8.2 Block on an inclined plane: the angle of repose ( 摩擦角与自锁现象) Angle of repose(摩擦角φm ) refers to the angle between the reaction R and normal line of the contacting surfaces. Repose (自锁现象)： If the active resultant force acts within the angle of repose, the body is in static equilibrium no matter how big the active force is. The application of repose Test for determining the coefficient of static friction Simple machine and friction Elevator 8.3 Equilibrium problem involving friction Solve statically determined problem including friction. If the body is in equilibrium, the frictional force depends on active forces. The static frictional fo