MeasurementSystems(测量系统).ppt

2.3 Analog and digital modes of operation It is possible further to classify how the basic functions may be performed by turning attention to the analog or digital nature of the signals that represent the information. 2.3 Analog and digital modes of operation For analog signals, the precise value of the quantity (voltage, rotation angle, etc.) carrying the information is significant. However, digital signals are basically of a binary (on/off) nature, and variations in numerical value are associated with the changes in the logical state (true/false) of some combination of switches. 2.3 Analog and digital modes of operation In a typical digital electronic system, any voltage in the range of +2 to +5V produces the on state, while signals of 0 to +0.8V correspond to off. Thus whether the voltage is 3 or 4V is of no consequence. The same result is produced, and so the system is quite tolerant of spurious noise voltages which might contaminate the information signals. 2.4 Null and deflection methods Another useful classification separates devices by their operation on null or a deflection principle. In a deflection-type device, the measured quantity produces some physical effect that engenders a similar but opposing effect in some part of the instrument. 2.4 Null and deflection methods In contrast to the deflection-type device, a null-type attempts to maintain deflection at zero by suitable application of an effect opposing that generated by the measured quantity. Necessary to such an operation are a detector of unbalance and a means(manual or automatic) of restoring the balance. Chapter 2 Generalized Configurations and Functional Descriptions of Measuring Instruments Lecturer: Hou-Neng Wang Chapter 2 Generalized Configurations and Functional Descriptions of Measuring Instruments 测量仪器的通用结构和功能描述 Nomenclatures（术语） Load effect 加载效应 Galvanometer 检流计 Solenoid 螺线管 Active and passive transducers 有源和无源传感器 Null and deflection method 零位法和偏差法 Interfering input 干扰输入