性能指标与影响因素.ppt

第一个公式的含义：i是指发动机气缸数，n是指发动机转速（单位：1/s，每秒钟转数），Wi是指总指示功（单位：J，焦耳），Pi是指指示功率（单位：W，瓦特），Vs是指发动机单缸排气量（单位：m3) Now we pay our attention on the parameter of power. And this slide shows some power equations. Concerning about the internal power Piz (indicated power or gas power at the piston) of one cylinder, we can easily get the following results: Piz=nA*pmi*Vh nA=i*n where nA is the combustion cycles per time unit; n is the engine speed; i is the combustion cycles per revolution (i=0.5 for four-stroke engine, i=1 for two-stroke engine). For the power output per cylinder, the following results: Piz=i*n*pmi*Vh An engine with several cylinders has the internal power as follows: Pi=i*n*pmi*Vh*z where z is the number of the cylinders. With the displacement VH of the engine(VH=Vh*z), we can get the following indicated power: Pi=i*n*pmi*VH The effective power Pe at the output crankshaft is lower than the indicated power Pi. If a brake mean effective pressure pme is similarly defined as the indicated mean effective pressure, the following applies for the effective power: Pe=i*n*pei*VH The difference between Pi and Pe is the friction power Pr. Therefore we can have the following Pr equation: Pr=Pi-Pe =i*n*(pmi-pme)*VH With the definition of the friction mean effective pressure, pmr=pmi-pme the frictional power is as follows: Pr=i*n*pmr*VH Please note: The friction power Pr also contains the power requirements for necessary auxiliary aggregates along with the friction loss in the engine (piston, piston rings, bearings), while the term “auxiliary aggregate” is defined differently by various standards. For example, DIN 70020 includes the power of the cooling blower. Torque is another important parameter with respect to the power performance of the engines. Here, we want to deduce the relationship between the torque and the mean effective pressure. From the definition of the effective power, we can get the following results: Pe=M*?=M*2∏*n=i*n*pme*VH where M is the torque; ? is the ang