无线传感器网络节点芯片安全增强策略研究.pdf

的机密信息进行管理和保护。SIPC 采用优化的SHA-1 引擎，并设计合适的指令集。 由于代码的篡改较为容易，而修改硬件的成本很高，因此，利用硬件进行安全启动 和节点系统恢复。上述机制采用哈希树的代码认证方法来进行WSN 节点芯片的安 全启动，在认证失败条件下由SIPC 接管节点，利用SIPC、DMA 和MAC 协处理器， 进行节点的功能恢复。 基于接收信号强度指示技术，设计应用于无线传感器网络的定位引擎；研究利 用定位引擎，将位置信息引入密钥分配机制中的方法，这种策略可以防护多种攻击， 有效提高了网络安全性。 最后，详细讨论WSN 节点芯片的低功耗策略，分析了两种低功耗的措施：关 断时钟和关断电源。推导休眠能耗模型，研究芯片架构和基本器件对休眠唤醒机制 的支持；分析供电单元、定时器、功耗管理单元的低功耗设计；讨论功可配置的协 处理器自主完成唤醒信号检测功能的方法。 关键词：无线传感器网络，功耗分析，认证电路，高级加密标准，安全散列算 法 II Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a kind of wireless Ad Hoc network composed of a large number of Sensor nodes. They attract much attention due to its wide range of potential applications, such as logistics, military surveillance, medical treatment, traffic management, efficient agriculture, environmental monitoring, and so on. Wireless sensor networks pose a number of challenging problems. For instance, WSN systems have very limited cost and power supply by its nature, which lead to limited ability of computing and communication. On the other hand, one of the most critical issues WSNs is security issue, which is becoming the key barrier for practical applications. Sensor nodes chips are core devices of WSN, and have direct impact on the performance, security and lifetime of of WSNs. In this dissertation, the focus is mainly on several problems for design and optimization of the low-cost high-security WSNs node SoC (System-on-Chip) as follows: Firstly ，IEEE 802.15.4 potocol is discussed which is utilized widely in wireless sensor networks as the standard in low-rate wireless personal area network (LR-WPAN). The implementation of WSN node chips are proposed based on sigle-cycle 8051 microprocessor tructure. Focuses are put on the storage strategy, direct memory access (DMA)