IWCF井控培训课程之forationpressure地层压力.ppt

Dec.2004 H.Khedersolh Well Control-Lesson 1 Formation Pressure Pressure Concepts The two pressures of primary concern are : Formation pressure Hydrostatic pressure. Formation Pressure The origin of F.P. : It relates to how sedimentary basins are formed. As layer upon layer of sediments are deposited, overburden pressure on the layers increases, compaction occurs. So any fluids in the formation are squeezed into permeable layers, such as sandstone. If the permeable layer is continuous to the surface (outcrops on the surface) pressure higher than normal cannot form. But if the fluid is trapped because of some anomaly, pressure higher than normal can form. Formation Pressure Normal pressure Subnormal pressure - Abnormal pressure Hydrostatic Pressure The term is derived from “hydro”, meaning water or liquid, “static”, meaning at rest. Hydrostatic pressure refers to the pressure of drilling fluid in the wellbore. Hydrostatic Pressure In the wellbore, H.P. is the result of the fluid density true vertical depth of the fluid column. Hydrostatic Pressure Mud gradient Pressure mud gradient is the amount pressure changes with depth. It is obtained by multiplying the mud weight by the constant. Mud gradient Pressure or mud gradient is obtained by multiplying mud weight by the constant C. Mud gradient EX. The hydrostatic pressure of a mud with 0.624 psi/ft gradient in a 11,325 ft well would be, HP= 0.624 × 11,325 HP= 7067 psi Mud gradient Normal pressure gradients correspond to the hydrostatic gradient of a fresh water with a density of 8.33 ppg(0.433psi/ft) to 9.0 ppg saline water(0.465psi/ft) column. Mud gradient TYPICAL GRADIENT FOR S. IRAN Pressure Gradient Ex. Draw the lines of pressure gradients (pore, mud fracture) for Aj. to As. formations based on table of data in previous slide. Correlate it with lithology stratigraphic column. PressureGradient Mud gradient Normal pressure gradient: about 0.433- 0.465 psi