900MW超临界机组AGC和协调控制节能优化.pdf

摘 要 本文主要针对上海外高桥第二发电有限责任公司900MW 超临界火力发电 机组自投产以来，存在的负荷响应速率偏慢，无法满足电网调度对自动发电控 制(AGC)的考核要求，以及主蒸汽调门长期节流运行，造成高压缸进汽损失等问 题。本次工作着重提高机组AGC 性能和实现高压调门全开运行，同时对机组子 系统的控制进行改进。优化工作是在理论分析和现场试验的基础上，对原有协 调控制系统和自动发电控制策略进行了改进和完善。 整个优化的主要内容包括了采用汽机高压调门全开滑压运行的方式，降低 调门节流损失，提高汽轮机效率；在凝泵变频方式下实现凝结水节流参与负荷 调节，加快变负荷初期的响应速度；优化锅炉燃烧率控制以整体提高机组的变 负荷性能，满足电网对 AGC 变负荷速率考核的要求；结合凝结水节流和调门阀 限自动控制实现一次调频功能；实现根据不同煤种对单台给煤机燃煤热值进行 设置；编写机组AGC 投用规定，规范运行人员AGC 投退操作。 优化项目采用了戴明环进行质量管理，按照计划、实施、检查和处置这样 的顺序，持续改进和提高机组AGC 性能和节能水平。通过两轮的PDCA 循环， 机组的各项效能指标都得到了很大的提升。AGC 测试合格率达到80%，估算可 减少320 万元/年的电量扣罚；调门全开后凝水节流运行使负荷加权平均后的发 电煤耗下降1.28g/kWh，带来的直接经济效益可达到1000 万元以上。除此之外， 优化改造还降低了设备损耗、减少人为误操作可能性和为其他机组协调控制优 化提供借鉴意义等。 关键词： 协调控制系统 自动发电控制 节能优化项目 凝水节流 ABSTRACT In view of the features of 900MW supercritical units in Shanghai Waigaoqiao No.2 Power Generation Co.,Ltd. contains deficiencies since putting into operation. These deficiencies include slow load responding rate, which leads to Automatic Generation Control test failure and high pressure control valves running under throttling conditions, which result in the loss of high pressure cylinder stream inlet. In this work, more attentions have been focused on enhancing AGC ability, fulfilling the full opening of high pressure control valve and optimizing unit sub control systems. The control strategy of current Coordinated Control System and AGC was improved and perfected based on the theoretical analysis and on-site experiment. In the optimizing work, these technologies have been applied as follow. The HP control valves keep open by adjusting pressure set point so as to reduce the loss of throttling and enhance HP cylinder efficiency. Load changing ability is improved through condensate throttling with frequency conversion condensate pump. Requirements for unit’s AGC have been satisfied through the optimization for boiler rate control. The primary frequency control funct