2.PLASTICDEFORMATION.PDFVIP

2. PLASTIC DEFORMATION During the deformation of a solid the measurable macroscopic magnitudes are: the force F applied to the sample and linear dimensions of the sample. The combination of these magnitudes allows us to calculate the average stress and average deformation : F  ( A is the sectional area that changes during the deformation process and to which A the force F is applied),  l / l (where l,l are length variation and initial length of the test sample accordingly).If stretching (pressing) of the crystal occurs at constant  deformation speed (  const ), then we speak about dynamic regime of deformation (and this very regime is studied further in the paper). It is supposed that in dynamic regime of tests the material preserves its elastic properties in the area of plastic deformation and it is believed, in this case, that the deformation consists of two parts [Rab79]:    . (2.1) plast elast The purpose of the most works dedicated to plastic deformation is to determine interactions between macroscopic magnitudes that characterize the properties of test material during deformation and microscopic magnitudes that characterize the movement of dislocations. In connection with this in the first part of the present chapter the deformation curve is analyzed qualitatively, i.e. macroscopic parameters of the deformation are examined. Then our attention switches to qualitative and quantitative models of the microprocesses that flow in different deformation stages. Finally models of kinetics of the origination of point defects are scrutinized. 2.1 Deformation curve during stretching Deformation curve during stretc