Chapter12-Gravity.ppt

Chapter 12 - Gravity Newton’s Law of Gravitation Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion Newton’s -------- Force of Attraction - Weight G = 6.67 x 10-11Nm2kg-2 ME = 5.98 x 1024kg RE = 6.37 x 106 m m = 70 kg Calculate your Weight! Solution to Problem Cavendish Experiment Cavendish Experiment The Gravitational Field Radial Nature and Inverse Square law g = GME/R2 Calculate the field strength at any location The Acceleration Due to Gravity at a Height h Above the Earth’s Surface Orbital Motion Newton’s Cannon Newton visualized that if a projectile were fired with enough velocity the Earth would forever “curve” away and it would never hit the ground.. … It would be in orbit! Newton’s Cannon Weightlessness While falling you still have weight but your apparent weight is zero! Kepler’s Laws of Motion 1st Law Ellipses 2nd Law Equal Area 3rd Law R3/T2=constant Keplers second law How fast does the planet move in its orbit?As the planet moves in its orbit, a line from the sun to the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times. Is Pluto a Planet? Keplers second law Kepler’s 3rd Law T2 / R3= constant Ta2 / Tb2 = Ra3 / Rb3 The ratio of the squares of the orbital periods for two planets is equal to the ratio of the cubes of orbital radius. Centripetal Forces on Satellites Satellites and Orbital Velocity An expression for orbital velocity ! Orbital Velocity Period Vo = 2πR/T Satellites in circular orbits. Vo = 2πR/T Kepler’s 3rd Law - Derived 4π2R2/T2 = GM/R Result… T2 / R3 = 4π2 / GM, K = 4π2 / GM Kepler’s 3rd Law T2 / R3= constant = (4π2/GM)  T2 = (4π2/GM) R3 Where (4π2/GM) is the Kepler constant! Geosynchronous Orbit AKA: Geostationary Orbit or Parking orbit Binary Star Systems Both stars have the same orbital period. Gravitational Potential Energy Gravitational potential energy is energy an object possesses because of its position in a gravitational field. Gravitational Potential Energy between two masses increases as r increases. (becoming less neg) At ∞