Chapter2KinematicsofDeformationInthischapter,wewill.PDFVIP

Chapter 2: Kinematics of Deformation In this chapter, we will study how bodies/structures move/deform and how can this motion/deformation be described mathematically. (In general, bodies/structures move/deform when forces are acting on them, but we are not concerned (for now) about the causes of this motion/deformation.) We are concerned only about describing the motion/deformation. Motion / deformation can be: • Fast: Dynamic effects are important: Acceleration, inertia etc. • Slow: Dynamic effects can be neglected: (quasi-)static. Or after steady state has been achieved. Stretch of a material in 1 Consider a uniform bar of some material before and after motion/deformation. Conventional notions of strain in 1 • Engineering strain • Natural (true) strain • Green-Lagrangian strain • Almansi-Eulerian strain • Logarithmic strain All these are average measures of strain (for the entire bar) that are applicable for cases when the bar has uniform stretching. General definition of strains in 1D: (For non-uniform stretch) Can be represented as a map: or as a field (function) Ch2-Kinematics Page 1 Deformation maps ϕ(z) and displacement vector fields u(z) in 3 Generalizes the 1D concept of the map to 3D. Takes the position vector z of any point in the undeformed configuration and x = ϕ(z) Return its position in the deformed configuration. x = z + u(z) Examples of deformation maps: (i) Translation (ii) Uniform Expansion in all 3 directions (iii) Approximate bending deformation Verify: for a po