CubansExperience.ppt

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CubansExperience.ppt

Significant waves of legal and illegal immigration to the United States 1980s: “Exodus to the U.S.” due to civil wars in Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Guatemala, combined with already weak economies. 1990s: Economic issues 1998-2000s: Natural disasters Hurricane Mitch in 1998, two earthquakes in El Salvador in 2001, Hurricane Stan in 2005. Central American Migration 1980s Guatemalan Indigenous 1990s-2000s Men have outnumbered women’s migration Migration Flows from Guatemala, 1960s through 2005 Source: International Organization for Migration, Guatemala Time period Number of emigrants 1960s 6,700 1970s 56,843 1981-85 84,897 1986-90 159,809 1991-94 141,755 1995-00 558,776 Total (through 2005) 1,364,546 Cold War mentality shaped Latin American immigration to the U.S. Citizens of countries who were not fleeing communist regimes tried unsuccessfully to win refugee status. After the 1973 revolt against the socialist government of Chile: the United States took in fewer than 1,700 Chilean refugees. The U.S. government also denied asylum to most of the Haitian boat people during the 1970s and deported them. 1980s, some changes but still “Cold War fever” Prior to 1980, the U.S. limited its recognition of refugees to those fleeing from communist governments. 1980: Pres. Carter signed “ The Refugee Act of 1980” that established the definitions of asylum and refugee status in line with those of the UN: as those fleeing their country from political oppression. The Cold War mentality still strongly influenced public recognition of civil war and political oppression around the world. 1980s: Central American emigration to the U.S., a tale of three countries… Guatemala and El Salvador lived under right-wing and dictatorial governments recognized and supported by the United States and were plagued by civil wars . Under Cold War mentality the U.S. was supporting the Salvadoran and Guatemalan governments from “Marxist insurgency”. For the U.S. government the

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