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Lecture 3Design as an Inverse Problemand its Pitfalls “What is right to ask”, an important thing in computational and optimal design, illustrated with the “design for desired mode shapes” problem. Contents Design for desired mode shapes What is wrong with the optimal synthesis formulation? Direct synthesis technique of a bar of a beam Analytical solutions and insights Solution using discretized models Stiff structure and compliant mechanism design problem formulations—a summary Continuous model Discretized model Why design for mode shapes? Resonant MEMS Capacitive resonant sensors Micro rate gyroscope AFM (atomic force microscope) cantileversSee: Pedersen,N., “Design of Cantilever Probes for Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM),” Engineering Optimization, Vol. 32, No. 3, 2000, 373-392. Swimming and flying mechanisms Acoustics, … Resonant-mode micromachined pressure sensor The cantilever in atomic force microscopy (AFM) (in the resonant mode) Rate gyroscope with a micromachined vibrating polysilicon ring Principle of the rate gyroscope Design the spokes for improved mode shapes (and better sensitivity) Design for a desired mode shape of a bar Direct and optimal synthesis techniques Direct synthesis solution Some examples Desired mode shape for a beam Discretized model Re-arrange the variables… Solution and conditions on frequency and mode shape Return to the differential equation… An example: valid mode shapes Some examples of mode shapes and area profiles Now, we are ready for optimal synthesis… An example Return to compliant mechanism design Alternatively… With the discretized model… Modeling the work-piece in the compliant mechanism design problem Main points An optimal design problem, as posed, should make sense. Design for desired mode shapes problem Restrictions on “desired” mode shapes and frequencies Stiff structure design problem statement revisited Compliance design problem statement revisited Flexibility and stiffness requirements should be optimally balan