Earthquaketriggering,stresschangesRelationbetween.pptVIP

Relation between stress heterogeneity and aftershock rate in the “rate-and-state” model “Rate-and-state” model of seismicity [Dieterich 1994] Coseismsic slip, stress change, and aftershocks: Seismicity rate and stress heterogeneity Slip and shear stress heterogeneity, aftershocks Modified ?k2? slip model: u(k)~1/(k+1/L)2.3 [Herrero Bernard, 94] Stress heterogeneity and aftershock decay with time Stress heterogeneity and aftershock decay with time Modified k2 slip model, off-fault stress change Modified k2 slip model, off-fault aftershocks Stress heterogeneity and Omori law Stress heterogeneity and Omori law Inversion of stress distribution from aftershock rate Inversion of stress pdf from aftershock rate Parkfield 2004 M=6 aftershock sequence Landers, 1992, M=7.3, aftershock sequence Superstition Hills 1987 M=6.6 (South of Salton Sea 33oN) Morgan Hill, 1984 M=6.2, aftershock sequence Stacked aftershock sequences, Japan (80, 3M5, z30) Inversion of P(?) from R(t) for real aftershock sequences Conclusion Problems / future work Slide 3 Agnès Helmstetter1 and Bruce Shaw2 1,2 LDEO, Columbia University 1 now at LGIT, Univ Grenoble, France Landers, aftershocks and Hernandez et al. [1999] slip model -- Omori law R~1/t c Seismicity rate R(t) after a unif stress step ?(t) [Dieterich, 1994] ∞ population of faults with RS friction law constant tectonic loading ?’r Aftershock duration ta A≈ 0.01 (friction exp.) ??n≈100 MPa (P at 5km) ?min? time delay c(?) Planar fault, uniform stress drop, and RS model slip shear stress seismicity rate Real data: most aftershocks occur on or close to the rupture area ? Slip and stress must be heterogeneous to produce an increase of ? and thus R on parts of the fault Seismicity rate triggered by a heterogeneous stress change on the fault R(t,t) : RS model, unif stress change [Dieterich 1994] P(t) : stress distribution (due to slip heterogeneity or fault roughness) instantaneous stress change; no dyn