清代徽州宗族和乡村社会控制.pdf

清代徽州宗族与乡村社会控制 摘 要 有清一代，徽州宗族主持祭祀大权，支配族产，经济上自助自 救，管理族内事务，处理宗族内部纠纷，裁判本族族众，催缴国家 赋役，教育宗族子弟，宗族精英积极参与和管理地方社会事务；宗 族劝化教导族众遵守国家法律，维护国家法律的正统地位等，实现 了对族众的乡村政权和法律控制。 徽州宗族通过族规家法的制定和宣讲，维护封建等级名分，管 制族人日常行为，完善宗族组织自身管理；通过族规家法的执行运 作和强制实施等，实现了预防性组织控制和矫正性组织控制。 徽州宗族利用自身的文化权力，积极修缮族谱，修建祠堂，控 制基层社会舆论导向，把族规家法尤其是关于封建伦理道德的规条 写入族谱，实现了对族众的道德约束和控制；利用徽州地区相袭而 成的宗族习俗和民间信仰，实现了对族众的文化控制。 关键词：清代 徽州宗族 乡村 制度控制 组织控制 文化权力 文化控制 Huizhou Clan in the Qing dynasty and the Village Community Control Abstract In the Qing dynasty, Huizhou clan organizations in the manage of the sacrificial power in the race, control of clan’s property, help oneself helps oneself in the economy, manage of the business of the race, and process of clan’s interior dispute, referees people of the race, urging country’s taxes, educating clan’s juniors, and the clans outstanding persons positively participating in and managing social affairs in the place，persuading people of the race to abide by the law of country, maintaining the legitimate status of the national law, and so on, has realized the political power and legal control in the village. Through formulation and speaking of clan and family’s rules, the Huizhou clan maintaining the feudal rank, controlling the clansman’s daily behavior, consummating own management, and so on, has realized the preventive organization control. Operating through execution of the rules and implement by force, the Huizhou clan has realized the rectifying organization control. Through own cultural authority, the Huizhou clan positively restoring the genealogy and constructing the ancestral temple, controlling basic public opinion guid