heattransfer.pptVIP

2.1 Introduction Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change forms (the first law) Energy has quality as well as quantity, and actual processes occur in the direction of decreasing quality of energy. (the second law) 2.2 Forms of Energy Ability to work 功 Capacity to move a force through a distance The total Energy全能: E , kJ/kg -Kinetic Energy 動能 -Potential Energy 位能 -Internal energy 內能 2.2 Forms of Energy (1) The macroscopic 巨觀的energy; A system possesses as a whole with respect to some outside reference frame,i.e. kinetic energy, potential energy. The microscopic 微觀的energy; Related to the molecular structure of a system and the degree of the molecular activity, and independent of outside reference frames 2.2 Forms of Energy (2) Sensible energy顯能: Associated with the kinetic energy of the molecules Latent energy潛能: Associated with the phase of a system Chemical energy化學能: Associated with the atomic bonds in a molecule Nuclear energy核能: Associated with the strong bonds within the nucleus of the atom itself Thermal energy熱能: The forms of energy associated with temperature 2-3 Energy transfer by Heat Energy can cross the boundaries of a closed system in the form of heat and work. Heat : The form of energy that is transferred between two systems(or a system and its surroundings) by virtue of a temperature difference. -Heat is transferred from hot bodies to colder ones) by virtue of a temperature difference. -Energy is recognized as heat transfer only as it crosses the system boundary. 2-3 Energy transfer by Heat Adiabatic Process: A process during which there is no heat transfer. -During an adiabatic process, a system exchanges no heat with its surroundings. -Energy is recognized as heat transfer only as it crosses the system boundary. 2-4 Energy Transfer by Work Energy can cross the boundaries of a closed system in the form of heat and work. - If the energy cross the boundaries of a closed is not heat, it must be work. -Wor