HEATTREATMENTOFMETALS-PortalUniMAP.pptVIP

Chapter 4: HEAT TREATMENT HEAT TREATMENT PROCESSES ANNEALING (PELEMBUTAN) QUENCHING (PELINDAPKEJUTAN) NORMALIZING, HARDENING (PENGERASAN) TEMPERING (PEMBAJAAN) Heat Treatment Heat treatments are processes of controlled heating and cooling to purposely to alter a material’s structure and properties Most common applications are on Metals Similar treatments are performed on Glass?ceramics Tempered glass Powder metals and ceramics Heat Treatment in Manufacturing Heat treatment operations are performed on metal workparts at various times during their manufacturing sequence To soften a metal for forming prior to shaping To relieve strain hardening that occurs during forming To strengthen and harden the metal near the end of the manufacturing sequence Microstructure of Grain Austenite (or gamma phase iron) is a metallic non-magnetic solid solution of iron and an alloying element. In plain-carbon steel, austenite (0.8% - 2% C) exists above the critical eutectoid temperature of 1000?K (about 727?°C); other alloys of steel have different eutectoid temperatures As austenite cools, it often transforms into a mixture of ferrite and cementite (6% C) as dissolved carbon falls out of solution. Depending on alloy composition and rate of cooling, pearlite (ferrite+cementite) may form. If the rate of cooling is very fast, the alloy may experience a slight lattice distortion known as martensitic transformation, Annealing Heating and soaking metal at suitable temperature for a certain time, and slowly cooling Reasons for annealing: Reduce hardness, strength and brittleness Alter microstructure to obtain desirable mechanical properties Soften metals to improve machinability or formability Annealing of Steel Full annealing - heating and soaking the alloy in the austenite region, followed by slow cooling to produce coarse pearlite (Soft and ductile) Normalizing - similar heating and soaking cycle as in full annealing, but faster cooling rates, Results in fine pearlite, highe