一种超声用地可变中心频率数字带通滤波器地FPGA设计.pdfVIP

摘要 摘 要 近年来，随着集成芯片制造技术的发展，FPGA 在速度和集成度两方面得到了 飞速的发展，由于它具有功耗低、体积小、集成度高、速度快、开发周期短、费 用低、用户可以定义功能及可重复编程和擦写等许多优点，应用领域不断扩大， 越来越多的电子系统开始采用可编程逻辑器件来实现数字信号处理。 数字滤波作为数字信号处理技术的重要组成部分，广泛应用于图像处理、模 式识别、语音、谱分析中。FIR 滤波器的硬件设计主要采用专用的DSP 芯片或FPGA 实现。与基于软件处理的DSP 芯片相比，FPGA 具有并行的算术结构的突出优点， 可以显著提高滤波器的数据吞吐率，FIR 滤波器采用 FPGA 实现逐渐成为一种趋 势。 本文针对超声回波中心频率成分随探测深度的增加而出现下移的特点，设计 了一个FIR 型动态滤波器，用来自动选择超声回波信号中具有诊断价值的频率分 量，并滤除体表部分以低频为主的强回声信号和深部以高频为主的干扰信号。设 计分别采用了串行、直接并行、流水并行的设计方案，并对这三种方式的性能进 行了比较。 设计采用Xilinx 公司的sapartan3 系列器件，通过ISE 和ModelSim 对整个设 计进行了综合和仿真。通过MATLAB 对结果进行了分析，证明了所设计的FIR 动 态滤波器功能正确。 关键词：超声，动态滤波器，FPGA ，FIR ，流水线 I ABSTRACT ABSTRACT In recent years, with the integrated chip manufacturing technology development, FPGA obtained the rapid development in the two aspects of the speed and the integration because it has a low power consumption, small size, high integration, high speed, short development cycle, low-cost, re-programming and erasion, and many other advantages, applications continue to expand, more and more electronic systems began to use programmable logic device to achieve digital signal processing. The digital filter takes the important part of the digital signal processing technology, is widely applied in the image processing, the pattern recognition, the pronunciation and the spectrum analysis.The hardware design of the FIR filter mainly uses the special-purpose DSP chip or the FPGA. With the DSP chip which processes based on the software compares, FPGA has prominent merit of the parallel arithmetic structure, may obviously enhance the filter the data turnover rate. FPGA in the FIR filter become a tendency gradually. According to the ch