多阵列天线快速波束成形技术地研究.pdf

摘 要 阵列天线既可以用来增加卫星通信系统容量，也可以用来抑制干扰。波束成 形是阵列天线的关键技术，通过构成一定形状的波束来指向期望方向，提高信噪 比。 本文通过对期望信号的来波方向（DOA ，Direction Of Arrival ）估计实现波束 成形。DOA 估计的目的是确定各信号或干扰到达阵列的方向角，利用估计的方向 角调整各阵元的权矢量来实现波束成形。论文主要研究成果如下： 1．提出了一种十字交叉面的阵列天线模型。此阵列模型通过估计出的均匀线 阵参数来推导面阵参数，先进行线阵的DOA 估计，再计算出面阵的方向角和俯仰 角。仿真结果表明此阵列可以实现快速波束成形，降低信号处理的复杂度仿真并 分析了 CBF、Capon、MUSIC 和 DFT 算法。结果表明：MUSIC 和 Capon 分辨率 较高，但复杂度也高，难以硬件实现；高分辨率 DFT 算法精度适中，算法简单， 易于硬件实现。 2 ．设计了一种低复杂度的快速波束成形实现方案。该方案首先通过对少量快 拍数据做低分辨率的 DFT 估计出能量谱峰序号，在此基础上，用较多的快拍数据 做局部高分辨率的 DFT 。分析表明该方案可以降低计算复杂度，节省硬件资源。 3 ．将所设计的实现方案应用到直接序列扩频系统中进行波束成形，对关键模 块进行了 FPGA 设计。 关键字：波束成形 DOA 估计 多阵元天线 扩频系统 Abstract Array Antenna can be used to improve the system capacity and inhibit noise in satellite communication system, As the key technology of Array Antenna. Beamforming uses a certain shape of the beam to point to the expected direction of arrival wave in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. In this paper, beamforming is achieved by estimating DOA (Direction Of Arrival) of the expected signals. The purpose of DOA estimation is determining the direction angle of each signal, then using the estimated direction angle. Beamforming can be achieved by adjusting the weight vector of each array element. The main research results are as follows: 1. A cross planar array has been proposed. Planar array parameters are deduced by the estimated uniform linear array parameters for the purpose of fast beamforming. Based on the uniform linear array, DOA has been estimated, then the direction angle and pitch angle of the planar array can be calculated. This Array model can reduce the complexity of signal processing. 2. The performances of Capon, MUSIC and DFT algorithms are analyzed and compared via simulation. The