CuttingFluids—TypesandApplications-machiningbymorley.pptVIP

Cutting Fluids—Types and?Applications Unit 34 Objectives State the importance and function of cutting fluids Identify three types of cutting fluids and state the purpose of each Apply cutting fluids efficiently for a variety of machining operations Cutting Fluids Essential in metal-cutting operations to reduce heat and friction Centuries ago, water used on grindstones 100 years ago, tallow used (did not cool) Lard oils came later but turned rancid Early 20th century saw soap added to water Soluble oils came in 1936 Chemical cutting fluids introduced in 1944 Economic Advantages to Using Cutting Fluids Reduction of tool costs Reduce tool wear, tools last longer Increased speed of production Reduce heat and friction so higher cutting speeds Reduction of labor costs Tools last longer and require less regrinding, less downtime, reducing cost per part Reduction of power costs Friction reduced so less power required by machining Heat Generated During Machining Heat find its way into one of three places Workpiece, tool, chips Heat Dissipation Ideally most heat taken off in chips Indicated by change in chip color as heat causes chips to oxidize Cutting fluids assist taking away heat Can dissipate at least 50% of heat created during machining Characteristics of a Good Cutting Fluid Good cooling capacity Good lubricating qualities Resistance to rancidity Relatively low viscosity Stability (long life) Rust resistance Nontoxic Transparent Nonflammable Types of Cutting Fluids Most commonly used cutting fluids Either aqueous based solutions or cutting oils Fall into three categories Cutting oils Emulsifiable oils Chemical (synthetic) cutting fluids Cutting Oils Two classifications Active Inactive Terms relate to oils chemical activity or ability to react with metal surface Elevated temperatures Improve cutting action Protect surface Active Cutting Oils Those that will darken copper strip immersed for 3 hours at temperature of 212oF Dark or transparent Better for heavy-duty