Powertrains.ppt

Powertrains The Goal of a Transmission The transmission allows the gear ratio between the engine and the drive wheels to change as the car speeds up and slows down Components Clutch/manual transmission or torque converter/automatic transmission; and differential, driveshaft. transmission is connected to the engine through the clutch. The input shaft of the transmission therefore turns at the same rpm as the engine General information: gears Purposes Gear reduction Overdrive Directional change Gear ratio: output radius/input radius How Clutches Work Clutch Purpose: connect or disconnect two shafts Pressing pedal pushes spring; pulls plate away from flywheel Releasing pedal allows spring to contact flywheel Friction ? wear Automobile Clutch flywheel is connected to the engine, and the clutch plate is connected to the transmission the springs push the pressure plate against the clutch disc, which in turn presses against the flywheel. This locks the engine to the transmission input shaft, causing them to spin at the same speed. What Can Go Wrong? friction material on the disc wears out similar to the friction material on the pads of brake When most or all of the friction material is gone, the clutch will start to slip wears while the clutch disc and the flywheel are spinning at different speeds Other Clutches in Your Garage automatic transmission contains several clutches, used to engage and disengage sets of planetary gears air conditioning compressor has a magnetic clutch, allows compressor to shut off even while the engine is running Compressor Manual Transmission Manual transmission Purpose: optimize engine speed with varying wheel speed Ratios (ex.): 2.3:1, 1.6:1, 1.2:1, 1:1, 0.9:1 Parts Input shaft Layshaft Gears (incl. idler) Output shaft Dog collars Synchronizers Manual transmission efficiency Range: 87 to 99% overall Factors Time in each gear Speed and torque values in each gear City vs. highway Fluid type Mounting angle Duty cycles % efficiency = (i