TheElements.ppt-Home.pptVIP

The Elements Chapter 7 Section 7.1 Prop of s-block Objectives: Explain how elements in a given group are both similar and different Discuss the properties of H Describe and compare the properties of alkali and alkaline earth metals General Info 92 naturally occurring elements He is the 2nd most common element in universe, and is much less on Earth O most abundant on Earth Atomic # 92 do not exist in nature They’re synthetic Created in labs or nuclear reactors Representative elements 1A ? 8A s and p orbital Diagonal relationships Have common characteristics with elements diagonal to them Hydrogen 1A because 1 valence e- 7A characteristics Contains metallic and nonmetallic properties Not considered part of any group Hydrogen history 1766 Henry Cavendish discovered H “Flammable air” b/c burned when ignited in air 1783 Lavoisier named H Greek “hydro”-water, “genes” - to form Hydrogen Isotopes Protium 99.985% No neutrons Deuterium 0.015% 1 neutron Tritium 2 neutrons Radioactive Produced when cosmic rays bombard water in atmosphere “heavy water” Hydrogen bonding Gain e- H + H ? stable configuration of He Lose e- H+ ion with no e- Group 1A: Alkali metals Li Na K Rb Cs Fr Alkali Metals Arabic “al-qili” “Ashes of saltwort plant” Easily lose valence e- ? 1+ charge ion Soft like cold butter Highly reactive Lab samples stored in oil to prevent O reaction Good conductor of heat/electricity Lithium (Li) Lightest alkali metal Found in water, soil and rocks Least reactive of alkali metals Li Mg diagonal relationship Used in batteries – extend life electric cars Dehumidifiers – absorbs water Li carbonate – strengthens glass, drug bipolar disorder Alloys – plane parts b/c strong lightweight Na K Most abundant Na vapor lamps Heat exchanger in nuclear reactors Humans and vertebrates need in diets K+ most common in cells Na+ most common in fluid outside cells When nerve cell stimulated K+ moves outside the cell when Na+ moves into the cell More Na and K info NaCl most common