英汉语比较与翻译13 语序 12年6月6日.pptVIP

英汉语比较与翻译 13 语序 语序指句子成分的排列词序，它是词语和句子成分之间关系的体现，反映语言使用者的逻辑思维和心理结构模式。英汉语的思维方式有共性也有个性，表现在语序上，表达模式有同也有异。形同之处在于，二者都以“SVO”或“施事+行为+受事”为基本语序。 就句内SVO语序而言，汉语语序的排列显得比英语灵活。即施事、行为、受事的位置在汉语中较自由，在英语中则通常比较固定。翻译时需进行调整。 中国的批评界怎样的趋势，我却不大了然，也不很注意。 I am not too clear, not too interested, either, regarding current trends in China’s literary criticism. 沙发上坐着一个人。 A man was sitting on a couch. 马可波罗的中国之行，给他留下最深刻印象的是杭州西湖之秀美。 The beauty of the West Lake in the Hangzhou was what impressed Marco Polo most during his trip to China. 早晨的公园里，遛鸟者时常可见。 Early in the park, we often see people walk with caged birds in hand. 英语倒装句及其翻译 存现倒装： There goes the bell! Here comes the car! There must be something wrong with the engine. 祈愿倒装： May you have a good day! Long live the People’s Republic of China! 否定倒装： Under no circumstances must we relax our vigilance. 任何情况下都不可掉以轻心/放松警惕。 生动倒装 1. 原先位于动词后并跟动词结合得很紧密的副词移到句首，从而动词也被吸引到主语之前。 Down came the hammer and out flew the spark. 铁锤落下，火花四溅。 There was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat. 突然刮起一阵风，把他的帽子吹跑了。 Down drops the meat into the fox’s mouth. 那块肉一下子掉入狐狸的嘴里。 Just at that time, in came the policeman. 就在那时，警察进来了。 2. 表示地点的介词短语在生动描述时常常可引起主谓倒装。 Inside the pyramids are the rooms for the bodies of the kings and queens. 金字塔里是放置国王和王后尸体的墓室 。 Across the river lies a long bridge built only two years ago. 河上有座长桥，建了才有两年。 定语的调整 ①中国现存②规模最大、③保存最完好的古代建筑群 ③The best-preserved ②magnificent ancient architectural complexes ①in China. 山东曲阜市①中国②古代③著名的思想家、教育家孔子的故乡。 Qufu, Shandong Province, is the birthplace of Confucius, a ③well-known ②ancient ① Chinese thinker and teacher. 句间的调整 汉语一般按照现因后果、语序与时序一致的顺序排列，英语则较灵活，语序与时序常不一致。 我走过地板时，一块板子吱吱作响。 A board creaked as I crossed the floor. 女主人已经离开人世，再没有人喂它了。它好像已经意识到这一点。 He must have been aware that nobody was going to feed him after the death of his mistress. 状语位置的调整 状语在汉语中的位置比较固定，一般是在主语和谓语之间，呈“主语+状语+谓语+宾语”模式，有时为了强调，也放在主语之前。英语的状语则常常出现在宾语之后的句尾，但通常是比较灵活的。 他们肩并肩地以疯狂速度向那座石塔奔去。 They ran side by side at a fantastic speed towards the s